Fear aggression occurs when your cat believes something is threatening it and is about to attack. This could be a person, another animal or even a toy. I have heard of cats that are fearful of the TV when loud action type movies are on.
Signs of fear aggression are ears flat against the head, fur fluffed out to make itself look bigger, arched back, tail thrashing back and forth and dilated pupils. Your cat may also move backwards slowly but be prepared for an attack at any moment. In extreme cases, the cat may lie on its side with all four paws up and ready to lash out. Make sure your children are aware that this pose is not an invitation to play! It means the cat will attack and scratch and bite.